AVES Vocabulary list Name_______________________________________
Date _____________________ Class Period ___________
1. Wave
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Medium
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Mechanical Wave
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Electromagnetic Wave
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Energy
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Transverse Waves
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Longitudinal Waves
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
8. Crest
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
9. Trough
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
0.Interference
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
11.Constructive Interference
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
12.Destructive Interference
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
13.Amplitude
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
14.Wavelength
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
15.Period
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
16.Frequency
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
17.Wave Speed
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
18.Doppler Effect
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
9.Reflection
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
20.Diffraction
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
21.Refraction
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
22.Standing Waves
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
23.Hertz
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
24.Compression
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
25.Rarefaction
lunes, 13 de abril de 2015
miércoles, 8 de abril de 2015
Chemistry Molarity problems
1. What is the molarity of a 0.30 liter solution containing 0.50 moles of NaCl?
2. Calculate the molarity of 0.289 moles of FeCl3 dissolved in 120 ml of solution?
3. If a 0.075 liter solution contains 0.0877 moles of CuCO4, what is the molarity?
4. How many grams of NaCl are present in 600. ml a 1.55 M NaCl solution?
5. How many moles of H2SO4 are present in 1.63 liters of a 0.954 M solution?
6. How many liters of solution are needed to make a 1.66 M solution containing 2.11 moles of KMnO4?
7. What volume of a 0.25 M solution can be made using 0.55 moles of Ca(OH)2? For all of the problems below you will need to do a mole-mass conversion. Each problem will involve two steps.
8. What is the molarity in 650. ml of solution containing 63 grams of NaCl?
9. How many grams of Ca(OH)2 are needed to produce 500. ml of 1.66 M Ca(OH)2 solution? 10. What volume of a 0.88 M solution can be made using 130. grams of FeCl2?
10.How many millilitres of a 0.200 M solution of CoCl2 will contain 25.0 g?
2. Calculate the molarity of 0.289 moles of FeCl3 dissolved in 120 ml of solution?
3. If a 0.075 liter solution contains 0.0877 moles of CuCO4, what is the molarity?
4. How many grams of NaCl are present in 600. ml a 1.55 M NaCl solution?
5. How many moles of H2SO4 are present in 1.63 liters of a 0.954 M solution?
6. How many liters of solution are needed to make a 1.66 M solution containing 2.11 moles of KMnO4?
7. What volume of a 0.25 M solution can be made using 0.55 moles of Ca(OH)2? For all of the problems below you will need to do a mole-mass conversion. Each problem will involve two steps.
8. What is the molarity in 650. ml of solution containing 63 grams of NaCl?
9. How many grams of Ca(OH)2 are needed to produce 500. ml of 1.66 M Ca(OH)2 solution? 10. What volume of a 0.88 M solution can be made using 130. grams of FeCl2?
10.How many millilitres of a 0.200 M solution of CoCl2 will contain 25.0 g?
jueves, 26 de marzo de 2015
POPULATION DENSITY worksheet
1. Record the classroom dimensions and population below. Then, calculate the area and
amount of classroom space per person.
Length = _______________ meters Width = ________________ meters
Area (length x width) = _______________ square meters
Population = _________________ people in the classroom
How much space does each person have? __________________ square meters
Hint: space = area (length x width) divided by (# of people)
2. Prediction: How much space would each person have if the number of people in the class
doubled?
3. Calculate the population density.
Population density = _______________________
Hint: population density = (# of people) divided by area (length x width)
2. Population density
2. Population density
|
(
|
population
|
)
|
= Population Density
|
|
area
|
|
for
example:
|
(
|
270,000,000 people
|
)
|
= 29 people per square kilometer
|
|
9,166,605 sq. km.
|
Birth
or Death Rates:
|
(
|
# of births or deaths per year
|
)
|
= Birth or Death Rate
|
|
total
population
|
NOTE: to find Crude Birth/Death Rates, multiply the rate
by 1,000
|
for
example:
|
(
|
23,452 births
|
)
|
= 0.025 =
2.5% birth rate
|
|
942,721 people
|
25 =
Crude Birth Rate
Finding
Population Growth Rate (r):
(This does not include immigration or emigration)
|
(
|
crude
births – crude deaths
|
)
|
=
r %
|
|
births
– deaths
|
X 100
= r %
|
|
10
|
|
total
population
|
OR
|
for
example:
|
(
|
40 - 30
|
)
|
= 1.0%
|
|
28,546 births – 24,389 deaths
|
X 100 = 0.9%
|
|
10
|
|
455,387 total people
|
Finding
the Doubling Time of a Population: THE RULE OF 70!!!
(This only applies if the population is growing exponentially)
Why 70? It is 100 x
ln(2). What does that mean? Who cares…the math works!
|
(
|
70%
|
)
|
or
|
(
|
0.7
|
)
|
=
Doubling Time (dt) in years
|
|
r
(in percent form)
|
r
(in decimal form)
|
|
for
example:
|
(
|
70%
|
)
|
or
|
(
|
0.7
|
)
|
= 10 years
|
|
7%
|
0.07
|
Finding
FUTURE Population from Growth Rate:
( initial population )
X ( growth rate ) years
= Final Population
NOTE: a growth rate of 3% is
expressed as 1.03; a growth rate of 0.25% is 1.0025
for
example: ( 468,843 people ) X ( 1.03 )10 years = 630,085 people
Population Problems – SHOW ALL WORK!!
Given the following information,
answer questions 1-4.
Schuhlsville is an island of 5000 square miles off the coast of Jabooty . There are
currently 250,000 inhabitants of the island. Last year, there were 12,000 new children born
and 10,000 people were recorded as deceased.
1. What is the current population density?
2. What
are the birth and death rates?
3. What
is the population growth rate (r)?
4. In
how many years will the population of Schuhlsville double?
Given the following information,
answer questions 5-8.
The country of Transylvania
contains 2.3 million people (vampires not included) and covers 800,000 square
miles. In the year after the last
census, there were 109,000 new children born and 111,000 people died.
5. What is the current population density?
6. What
are the birth and death rates?
7. What
is the population growth rate (r)?
8.
In how many years will the population of Transylvania double?
9. Given a 2010 world population growth rate of
about 1.3% per year, how long would it take the world’s population to double?
How
old will you be when this doubling occurs?
10. If a country doubles its population in 56
years, what has its population growth rate during that time?
miércoles, 25 de marzo de 2015
STUDYING POPULATION PROBLEMS
1. On October 15, 1984 at the beginning of the squirrel-hunting season, biologists counted 95 gray
squirrels in a 20-acre forest. On December 15, 1984, 42 gray were counted in the forest.
a. What was the density of the gray squirrel population on October 15, 1984?
b. What was the density of the gray squirrel population on December 15, 1984?
c. What factors could have affected the density of the population?
d. What factors must have affected the density the most?
2. In a certain city an 8-block area, 300 houses contained 1530 humans and an estimated population of 1800 rats. Then the Urban Renewal Commission razed the houses in the area and constructed 8 large apartment buildings. Following this development, 2880 humans and an estimated population of 200 rats occupied the area.
a. Calculate the population density per block for rats before and after the development.
b. What is the change in rat population density?
c. What factors were probably most important in causing this change in the density of rats?
d. Calculate the population density per block for humans before and after the development.
e. What is the change in human population density?
f. What factors were probably most important in causing this change in the density of humans?
3. On a range of 375 acres are a total of 1450 jackrabbits. During the following year studies indicate the rates for this population: Birthrate – 3625/yr Mortality – 2320/yr Immigration – 190/yr Emigration – 845/yr
a. Is the population of jackrabbits increasing or decreasing?
b. Calculate the rate at which the population is changing (+ or - # jackrabbits/yr).
c. Predict the population size at the end of four years.
d. What is likely to happen to the population of producers in this area during the four years? (BTW, jackrabbits are herbivores.)
a. What was the density of the gray squirrel population on October 15, 1984?
b. What was the density of the gray squirrel population on December 15, 1984?
c. What factors could have affected the density of the population?
d. What factors must have affected the density the most?
2. In a certain city an 8-block area, 300 houses contained 1530 humans and an estimated population of 1800 rats. Then the Urban Renewal Commission razed the houses in the area and constructed 8 large apartment buildings. Following this development, 2880 humans and an estimated population of 200 rats occupied the area.
a. Calculate the population density per block for rats before and after the development.
b. What is the change in rat population density?
c. What factors were probably most important in causing this change in the density of rats?
d. Calculate the population density per block for humans before and after the development.
e. What is the change in human population density?
f. What factors were probably most important in causing this change in the density of humans?
3. On a range of 375 acres are a total of 1450 jackrabbits. During the following year studies indicate the rates for this population: Birthrate – 3625/yr Mortality – 2320/yr Immigration – 190/yr Emigration – 845/yr
a. Is the population of jackrabbits increasing or decreasing?
b. Calculate the rate at which the population is changing (+ or - # jackrabbits/yr).
c. Predict the population size at the end of four years.
d. What is likely to happen to the population of producers in this area during the four years? (BTW, jackrabbits are herbivores.)
jueves, 19 de marzo de 2015
Biology
Answer the following questions in the spaces provided.
1. List the functions of the skin.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How do the dead cells of the epidermis help the body?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What structures does the dermis contain?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. How can you help to keep your skin healthy?
___________________________________________________________________________
Complete the table below to describe the characteristics of each type of
muscle.
Write yes or no next to each number.
Answer the following questions in the spaces provided.
13. Why do skeletal muscles have
to work in pairs?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
14. How can you help prevent
muscle injuries?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Building Vocabulary
Answer the following questions in the spaces provided.
15. What types of actions use
smooth muscles? What type of muscle is smooth
muscle?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
16. What types of actions use
skeletal muscles? What type of muscle is skeletal
muscle?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
17. How is cardiac
muscle similar to both smooth muscle and skeletal muscle?
viernes, 13 de marzo de 2015
Carbon chemistry
- What is organic chemistry?
- How many carbon compounds
exist?
- How many bonds can carbon
form?
- When was nylon first
developed? Why was its development so essential?
- What was the first organic
synthesis?
- What is a hydrocarbon?
- What is meant by an isomer?
- How are organic compounds
divided into categories?
- How are esters used?
- What were the
``ingredients'' in the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid - aspirin?
- What must be done to produce
a drug found in nature?
1.
Complete the following charts on Carbon: Draw the Carbon Covalent Bonding Carbon
Statistics Graphic & Shorthand diagram:
Atom. #
|
|
Atom.
mass
|
|
Proton
#
|
|
Neutron
#
|
|
Total
Electrons
|
|
1st
shell
|
|
2nd
shell
|
Draw
the Methane Graphic & Shorthand
diagram: 2. What is covalent bonding?
2.
What is the difference
3.
What is the difference between organic & inorganic
chemistry?
4. Write brief definitions for the following
terms:
Polymers
|
|
Aromatics
|
|
Aliphatics
|
|
Saturated
Compounds
|
|
Unsaturated
Compounds
|
5. The three sub-atomic particles are:
6.
What is the difference between the atomic # and atomic
weight(or mass)?
7.
Where is carbon found on Earth?
8.
Draw the propanol molecule. 9.
Complete this Chart
Is it an aliphatic or aromatic?
Molecule
|
#
of C links(bonds)
|
Methanol
|
|
Ethanol
|
|
Butanol
|
|
Pentanol
|
10. Draw the molecule from Mission 2.
Its name is: _______________________
11.
What compound are you creating in Mission 3?
12.
The 3 chemicals used in this experiment are:
____________________________________
13.
The scientist who brought order to the periodic table was:
__________________________
It was first published in ______.
14.
Why is column 0 called the noble or inert gases?
miércoles, 4 de febrero de 2015
Physics 60 basic questions
Choose the BEST answer to the following:
1. In the absence of air resistance, a ball of mass m is tossed upward to reach a height of 20 m. At the 10-m position, half way up, the net force on the ball is
A. 2mg. B. mg. C. mg/2. D. mg/4.
2. When you drop a ball it accelerates downward at 9.8 m/s2 . If you instead throw it downward, then its acceleration immediately after leaving your hand, assuming no air resistance, is A. 9.8 m/s2 . B. more than 9.8 m/s2 . C. less than 9.8 m/s2 . D. Cannot say, unless the speed of throw is given. 3. A heavy rock and a light rock in free fall (zero air resistance) have the same acceleration. The reason the heavy rock doesn’t have a greater acceleration is that the A. force due to gravity is the same on each. B. air resistance is always zero in free fall. C. inertia of both rocks is the same. D. ratio of force to mass is the same. E. None of these. 4. A cannonball is fired horizontally at 10 m/s from a cliff. Its speed one second after being fired is about A. 10 m/s. B. 14 m/s. C. 16 m/s. D. 20 m/s. 5. Relative to the ground, an airplane gains speed when it encounters wind from behind, and loses speed when it encounters wind head on. When it encounters wind at a right angle to the direction it is pointing, its speed relative to the ground below A. increases. B. decreases. C. is the same as if there were no wind. D. Need more information. 6. A karate chop delivers a force of 3000 N to a board that breaks. The force that the board exerts on the hand during this event is A. less than 3000 N. B. 3000 N. C. greater than 3000 N. D. Need more information.7. A math book and a physics book are tied together with a length of string. With the string taut, one book is pushed off the edge of a table. As it falls, the other book is dragged horizontally across the table surface. With no friction, acceleration of the books is A. zero. B. g/2. C. g. D. a value between zero and g. E. a value that could be greater than g. 8. When an increase in speed doubles the momentum of a moving body, its kinetic energy A. increases, but less than doubles. B. doubles. C. more than doubles. D. depends on factors not stated. 9. When an increase in speed doubles the kinetic energy of a moving body, its momentum A. increases, but less than doubles. B. doubles. C. more than doubles. D. depends on factors not stated. 10. Big brother and little sister can balance on a seesaw because of balanced A. forces. B. torques. C. energies. D. All of these. 11. When a spinning system contracts in the absence of an external torque, its rotational speed increases and its angular momentum A. decreases. B. increases. C. remains unchanged. D. may increase or decrease. 12. Consider a ball rolling down an inclined plane. The normal force on the ball (the force perpendicular to the plane). A. is mg. B. is greater than mg, always. C. may be greater or less than mg. D. is less than mg, always. 13. Consider a ball rolling in a horizontal circular path on the inside surface of a cone. The normal force on the ball A. is mg. B. is greater than mg, always. C. may be greater or less than mg. D. is less than mg, always.14. When a ball at rest hangs by a single vertical string, tension in the string is mg. If the ball is made to move in a horizontal circle so that the string describes a cone, string tension A. is mg. B. is greater than mg, always. C. is less than mg, always. D. may be greater or less than mg depending on the speed of the ball. 15. Imagine you're standing on the surface of a shrinking planet. If it shrinks to one-tenth its original diameter with no change in mass, on the shrunken surface you'd weigh A. 1/100 as much. B. 10 times as much. C. 100 times as much. D. 1000 times as much. E. None of these. 16. The fact that the Moon always shows its same face to Earth is evidence that the Moon rotates about its axis about once per A. day. B. month. C. year. D. None of these, for the moon does not rotate about an axis. 17. The Moon is most responsible for Earth’s tides. Which pulls more strongly on the Earth and its oceans? A. Moon. B. Sun. C. Both about equally. 18. A spacecraft on its way from Earth to the Moon is pulled equally by Earth and Moon when it is A. closer to the Earth’s surface. B. closer to the Moon’s surface. C. half way from Earth to Moon. D. At no point, since Earth always pulls more strongly. 19. Earth satellites such as the Space Shuttle orbit at altitudes that are above the Earth’s A. atmosphere. B. gravitational field. C. Both of these. 20. The mass of a classical atom comes mostly from its ____ ; and its volume from its ______. A. nucleons; nucleons. B. electrons; electrons. C. electrons; nucleons. D. nucleons; electrons. 21. Consider a block of wood floating on water. If you push down on the top of the block until it’s completely submerged, the buoyant force on it A. increases. B. decreases. C. remains the same. D. depends on how far beneath the water surface it is pushed.22. An inflated balloon with a heavy rock tied to it submerges in water. As the balloon sinks deeper and deeper, the buoyant force acting on it A. increases. B. decreases. C. remains largely unchanged. D. Need more information. 23. The principal source of the Earth’s internal energy is A. tidal friction. B. gravitational pressure. C. radioactivity. D. geothermal heat. 24. The surface of Planet Earth loses energy to outer space due mostly to A. conduction. B. convection. C. radiation. D. radioactivity. 25. The "greenhouse gases" that contribute to global warming absorb A. more visible radiation than infrared. B. more infrared radiation than visible. C. visible and infrared about equally. D. very little radiation of any kind. 26. In a mixture of hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen gases at a given temperature, the molecules having the greatest average speed are those of A. hydrogen. B. oxygen. C. nitrogen. D. But all have the same speed on average. 27. The electrical force of attraction between an electron and a proton is greater on the A. proton. B. electron. C. Neither; both are the same. 28. Immediately after two separated charged particles are released from rest, both increase in speed. The particles therefore have A. the same sign of charge. B. opposite signs of charge. C. either the same or opposite signs of charge. D. Need more information. 29. Compared with the current in the white-hot filament of a common lamp, the current in the connecting wire is A. less. B. more. C. the same. D. Need more information.30. As more lamps are connected in a series circuit, the current in the power source A. increases. B. decreases. C. remains much the same. D. Need more information. 31. As more lamps are connected in parallel in a circuit, the current in the power source A. increases. B. decreases. C. remains much the same. D. Need more information. 32. A capacitor loses half its charge every second. If after five seconds its charge is q, what was its initial charge? A. 4q. B. 8q. C. 16q. D. 32q. E. None of these. 33. The magnetic force on a moving charged particle can change the particle’s A. speed. B. direction. C. Both of these. D. Neither of these. 34. A step-up transformer in an electrical circuit can step up A. voltage. B. energy. C. Both of these. D. Neither of these. 35. The mutual induction of electric and magnetic fields can produce A. light. B. energy. C. Both of these. D. Neither of these. 36. All of the following are electromagnetic waves EXCEPT A. radio waves. B. microwaves. C. light waves. D. X-rays. E. None is outside the family; all are electromagnetic waves. 37. You swing to and fro on a playground swing. If you stand rather than sit, the time for a to-and-fro swing is A. lengthened. B. shortened. C. unchanged.38. Compared with the sound you hear from the siren of a stationary fire engine, the sound you hear when it approaches you has an increased A. speed. B. frequency. C. Both of these. D. Neither of these. 39. During the time an aircraft produces a sonic boom, the aircraft is A. breaking the sound barrier. B. pulling out of a subsonic dive. C. flying faster than sound. D. Each of these produces a sonic boom. 40. The phenomenon of interference occurs for A. sound waves. B. light waves. C. Both of these. D. Neither of these. 41. The speed of sound in air depends on A. frequency. B. wavelength. C. air temperature. D. All of these. E. None of these. 42. Your friend states that under all conditions, any radio wave travels faster than any sound wave. You A. agree with your friend. B. disagree with your friend. 43. The phenomenon of beats results from sound A. reflection. B. refraction. C. interference. D. All of these. E. None of these. 44. To view your full-face image in a steamy mirror, compared to the height of your face, the minimum height of the patch to wipe away is A. one-quarter. B. one-half. C. the same. D. dependent on your distance from the mirror. 45. Light reflecting from a smooth surface undergoes a change in A. frequency. B. speed. C. wavelength. D. All of these. E. None of these.46. Which of these changes when light refracts in passing from one medium to another? A. Speed. B. Wavelength. C. Both of these. D. Neither of these. 47. When white light passes through a prism, green light is bent more than A. blue light. B. violet light. C. red light. D. Two of these choices are correct. E. None of these choices is correct. 48. When you look at the red petals of a rose, the color light you're seeing is A. red. B. green. C. white minus red. D. a mixture of green and yellow. E. cyan. 49. When the color yellow is seen on your TV screen, the phosphors being activated on the screen are A. mainly yellow. B. blue and red. C. green and yellow. D. red and green. 50. The red glow in the neon tube of an advertising sign is a result of A. fluorescence. B. incandescence. C. polarization. D. coherence. E. de-excitation. 51. Polarization is a property of A. transverse waves. B. longitudinal waves. C. all waves. D. None of these. 52. Astrophysicists are able to identify the elements in the outer layers of a star by studying its A. Doppler effect. B. molecular structure. C. temperature. D. spectrum. 53. If the Sun collapsed to become a black hole, Planet Earth would A. continue in its present orbit. B. fly off in a tangent path. C. likely be sucked into the black hole. D. be pulled apart by tidal forces. E. Both C and D.54. Any atom that emits an alpha particle or beta particle A. becomes an atom of a different element, always. B. may become an atom of a different element. C. becomes a different isotope of the same element. D. increases its mass. 55. Suppose the number of neutrons in a reactor that is starting up doubles each minute, reaching one billion neutrons in 10 minutes. When did the number of neutrons reach half a billion? A. 1 minute. B. 2 minutes. C. 5 minutes. D. 9 minutes. E. None of these. 56. When a uranium nucleus undergoes fission, the energy released is primarily in the form of A. gamma radiation. B. kinetic energy of fission fragments. C. kinetic energy of ejected neutrons. D. All of these about equally. 57. When a fusion reaction converts a pair of hydrogen isotopes to an alpha particle and a neutron, most of the energy released is in the form of A. gamma radiation. B. kinetic energy of the alpha particle. C. kinetic energy of the neutron. D. All of these about equally. 58. Because there is an upper limit on the speed of particles, there is also an upper limit on A. momentum. B. kinetic energy. C. temperature. D. All of these. E. None of these. 59. Relativistic equations for time dilation, length contraction, and relativistic momentum and energy hold true at A. speeds near that of light. B. everyday low speeds. C. all speeds. D. only approximately. 60. The equation E = mc2 indicates that energy A. equals mass moving at the speed of light squared. B. equals moving mass. C. is fundamentally different than mass. D. and mass are closely related.
1. In the absence of air resistance, a ball of mass m is tossed upward to reach a height of 20 m. At the 10-m position, half way up, the net force on the ball is
A. 2mg. B. mg. C. mg/2. D. mg/4.
2. When you drop a ball it accelerates downward at 9.8 m/s2 . If you instead throw it downward, then its acceleration immediately after leaving your hand, assuming no air resistance, is A. 9.8 m/s2 . B. more than 9.8 m/s2 . C. less than 9.8 m/s2 . D. Cannot say, unless the speed of throw is given. 3. A heavy rock and a light rock in free fall (zero air resistance) have the same acceleration. The reason the heavy rock doesn’t have a greater acceleration is that the A. force due to gravity is the same on each. B. air resistance is always zero in free fall. C. inertia of both rocks is the same. D. ratio of force to mass is the same. E. None of these. 4. A cannonball is fired horizontally at 10 m/s from a cliff. Its speed one second after being fired is about A. 10 m/s. B. 14 m/s. C. 16 m/s. D. 20 m/s. 5. Relative to the ground, an airplane gains speed when it encounters wind from behind, and loses speed when it encounters wind head on. When it encounters wind at a right angle to the direction it is pointing, its speed relative to the ground below A. increases. B. decreases. C. is the same as if there were no wind. D. Need more information. 6. A karate chop delivers a force of 3000 N to a board that breaks. The force that the board exerts on the hand during this event is A. less than 3000 N. B. 3000 N. C. greater than 3000 N. D. Need more information.7. A math book and a physics book are tied together with a length of string. With the string taut, one book is pushed off the edge of a table. As it falls, the other book is dragged horizontally across the table surface. With no friction, acceleration of the books is A. zero. B. g/2. C. g. D. a value between zero and g. E. a value that could be greater than g. 8. When an increase in speed doubles the momentum of a moving body, its kinetic energy A. increases, but less than doubles. B. doubles. C. more than doubles. D. depends on factors not stated. 9. When an increase in speed doubles the kinetic energy of a moving body, its momentum A. increases, but less than doubles. B. doubles. C. more than doubles. D. depends on factors not stated. 10. Big brother and little sister can balance on a seesaw because of balanced A. forces. B. torques. C. energies. D. All of these. 11. When a spinning system contracts in the absence of an external torque, its rotational speed increases and its angular momentum A. decreases. B. increases. C. remains unchanged. D. may increase or decrease. 12. Consider a ball rolling down an inclined plane. The normal force on the ball (the force perpendicular to the plane). A. is mg. B. is greater than mg, always. C. may be greater or less than mg. D. is less than mg, always. 13. Consider a ball rolling in a horizontal circular path on the inside surface of a cone. The normal force on the ball A. is mg. B. is greater than mg, always. C. may be greater or less than mg. D. is less than mg, always.14. When a ball at rest hangs by a single vertical string, tension in the string is mg. If the ball is made to move in a horizontal circle so that the string describes a cone, string tension A. is mg. B. is greater than mg, always. C. is less than mg, always. D. may be greater or less than mg depending on the speed of the ball. 15. Imagine you're standing on the surface of a shrinking planet. If it shrinks to one-tenth its original diameter with no change in mass, on the shrunken surface you'd weigh A. 1/100 as much. B. 10 times as much. C. 100 times as much. D. 1000 times as much. E. None of these. 16. The fact that the Moon always shows its same face to Earth is evidence that the Moon rotates about its axis about once per A. day. B. month. C. year. D. None of these, for the moon does not rotate about an axis. 17. The Moon is most responsible for Earth’s tides. Which pulls more strongly on the Earth and its oceans? A. Moon. B. Sun. C. Both about equally. 18. A spacecraft on its way from Earth to the Moon is pulled equally by Earth and Moon when it is A. closer to the Earth’s surface. B. closer to the Moon’s surface. C. half way from Earth to Moon. D. At no point, since Earth always pulls more strongly. 19. Earth satellites such as the Space Shuttle orbit at altitudes that are above the Earth’s A. atmosphere. B. gravitational field. C. Both of these. 20. The mass of a classical atom comes mostly from its ____ ; and its volume from its ______. A. nucleons; nucleons. B. electrons; electrons. C. electrons; nucleons. D. nucleons; electrons. 21. Consider a block of wood floating on water. If you push down on the top of the block until it’s completely submerged, the buoyant force on it A. increases. B. decreases. C. remains the same. D. depends on how far beneath the water surface it is pushed.22. An inflated balloon with a heavy rock tied to it submerges in water. As the balloon sinks deeper and deeper, the buoyant force acting on it A. increases. B. decreases. C. remains largely unchanged. D. Need more information. 23. The principal source of the Earth’s internal energy is A. tidal friction. B. gravitational pressure. C. radioactivity. D. geothermal heat. 24. The surface of Planet Earth loses energy to outer space due mostly to A. conduction. B. convection. C. radiation. D. radioactivity. 25. The "greenhouse gases" that contribute to global warming absorb A. more visible radiation than infrared. B. more infrared radiation than visible. C. visible and infrared about equally. D. very little radiation of any kind. 26. In a mixture of hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen gases at a given temperature, the molecules having the greatest average speed are those of A. hydrogen. B. oxygen. C. nitrogen. D. But all have the same speed on average. 27. The electrical force of attraction between an electron and a proton is greater on the A. proton. B. electron. C. Neither; both are the same. 28. Immediately after two separated charged particles are released from rest, both increase in speed. The particles therefore have A. the same sign of charge. B. opposite signs of charge. C. either the same or opposite signs of charge. D. Need more information. 29. Compared with the current in the white-hot filament of a common lamp, the current in the connecting wire is A. less. B. more. C. the same. D. Need more information.30. As more lamps are connected in a series circuit, the current in the power source A. increases. B. decreases. C. remains much the same. D. Need more information. 31. As more lamps are connected in parallel in a circuit, the current in the power source A. increases. B. decreases. C. remains much the same. D. Need more information. 32. A capacitor loses half its charge every second. If after five seconds its charge is q, what was its initial charge? A. 4q. B. 8q. C. 16q. D. 32q. E. None of these. 33. The magnetic force on a moving charged particle can change the particle’s A. speed. B. direction. C. Both of these. D. Neither of these. 34. A step-up transformer in an electrical circuit can step up A. voltage. B. energy. C. Both of these. D. Neither of these. 35. The mutual induction of electric and magnetic fields can produce A. light. B. energy. C. Both of these. D. Neither of these. 36. All of the following are electromagnetic waves EXCEPT A. radio waves. B. microwaves. C. light waves. D. X-rays. E. None is outside the family; all are electromagnetic waves. 37. You swing to and fro on a playground swing. If you stand rather than sit, the time for a to-and-fro swing is A. lengthened. B. shortened. C. unchanged.38. Compared with the sound you hear from the siren of a stationary fire engine, the sound you hear when it approaches you has an increased A. speed. B. frequency. C. Both of these. D. Neither of these. 39. During the time an aircraft produces a sonic boom, the aircraft is A. breaking the sound barrier. B. pulling out of a subsonic dive. C. flying faster than sound. D. Each of these produces a sonic boom. 40. The phenomenon of interference occurs for A. sound waves. B. light waves. C. Both of these. D. Neither of these. 41. The speed of sound in air depends on A. frequency. B. wavelength. C. air temperature. D. All of these. E. None of these. 42. Your friend states that under all conditions, any radio wave travels faster than any sound wave. You A. agree with your friend. B. disagree with your friend. 43. The phenomenon of beats results from sound A. reflection. B. refraction. C. interference. D. All of these. E. None of these. 44. To view your full-face image in a steamy mirror, compared to the height of your face, the minimum height of the patch to wipe away is A. one-quarter. B. one-half. C. the same. D. dependent on your distance from the mirror. 45. Light reflecting from a smooth surface undergoes a change in A. frequency. B. speed. C. wavelength. D. All of these. E. None of these.46. Which of these changes when light refracts in passing from one medium to another? A. Speed. B. Wavelength. C. Both of these. D. Neither of these. 47. When white light passes through a prism, green light is bent more than A. blue light. B. violet light. C. red light. D. Two of these choices are correct. E. None of these choices is correct. 48. When you look at the red petals of a rose, the color light you're seeing is A. red. B. green. C. white minus red. D. a mixture of green and yellow. E. cyan. 49. When the color yellow is seen on your TV screen, the phosphors being activated on the screen are A. mainly yellow. B. blue and red. C. green and yellow. D. red and green. 50. The red glow in the neon tube of an advertising sign is a result of A. fluorescence. B. incandescence. C. polarization. D. coherence. E. de-excitation. 51. Polarization is a property of A. transverse waves. B. longitudinal waves. C. all waves. D. None of these. 52. Astrophysicists are able to identify the elements in the outer layers of a star by studying its A. Doppler effect. B. molecular structure. C. temperature. D. spectrum. 53. If the Sun collapsed to become a black hole, Planet Earth would A. continue in its present orbit. B. fly off in a tangent path. C. likely be sucked into the black hole. D. be pulled apart by tidal forces. E. Both C and D.54. Any atom that emits an alpha particle or beta particle A. becomes an atom of a different element, always. B. may become an atom of a different element. C. becomes a different isotope of the same element. D. increases its mass. 55. Suppose the number of neutrons in a reactor that is starting up doubles each minute, reaching one billion neutrons in 10 minutes. When did the number of neutrons reach half a billion? A. 1 minute. B. 2 minutes. C. 5 minutes. D. 9 minutes. E. None of these. 56. When a uranium nucleus undergoes fission, the energy released is primarily in the form of A. gamma radiation. B. kinetic energy of fission fragments. C. kinetic energy of ejected neutrons. D. All of these about equally. 57. When a fusion reaction converts a pair of hydrogen isotopes to an alpha particle and a neutron, most of the energy released is in the form of A. gamma radiation. B. kinetic energy of the alpha particle. C. kinetic energy of the neutron. D. All of these about equally. 58. Because there is an upper limit on the speed of particles, there is also an upper limit on A. momentum. B. kinetic energy. C. temperature. D. All of these. E. None of these. 59. Relativistic equations for time dilation, length contraction, and relativistic momentum and energy hold true at A. speeds near that of light. B. everyday low speeds. C. all speeds. D. only approximately. 60. The equation E = mc2 indicates that energy A. equals mass moving at the speed of light squared. B. equals moving mass. C. is fundamentally different than mass. D. and mass are closely related.
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