Physics Review

Here follows one hypothetical example from each section of the exam.

1. Selected response :A net force of 10. newtons accelerates an object at 5.0 meters per second². What net force would be required to accelerate the same object at 1.0 meter per second²?

	1.	1.0 N
	2.	2.0 N
	3.	5.0 N
	4.	50. N

2. Problem solving? Suppose for your cookout you need to make 100 hamburgers. You know that 2.00 pounds will make 9 hamburgers. How many pounds will you need?

3. Short answers:

4. Fill in the blanks: The value of the acceleration of an object moving at constant velocity is ___.

5. Brief or extended constructed response:Suppose you are walking home after school. The distance from school to your home is five kilometers. On foot, you can get home in 25 minutes. However, if you rode a bicycle, you could get home in 10 minutes. a. What is your average speed while walking? b. What is your average speed while bicycling?c. How much faster you travel on your bicycle?

Performance Expectation PS2.1

What Is Physics?

  1. Which areas of physics deal with the following?

a. how fast things move______________________________________________

b. how the shape of a cave affects an echo________________________________

c. which sunglasses are best for cutting the glare on a ski slope________________

d. how the cooling system in a refrigerator works__________________________

e. what lightning is__________________________________________________

f. how energy is produced by the sun____________________________________

Measurements in Experiments

Power	Prefix	Abbreviation		Power	Prefix	Abbreviation
10-18	atto-	a		10-1	deci-	d
10-15	femto-	f		101	deka-	da
10-12	pico-	p		103	kilo-	k
10-9	nano-	n		106	mega-	M
10-6	micro-	m		109	giga-	G
10-3	milli-	m		1012	tera-	T
10-2	centi-	c		1015	peta-	P
				1018	exa-	E

  1. How many picoseconds are there in 1 Ms? ____________________________

  2. How many micrograms make 1 kg?  _________________________________

  3. How many nanometers are there in 1 cm?  ____________________________

  4. Rewrite the following quantities in scientific notation without prefixes.

a. 3582 gigabytes___________________________________________________

b. 0.0009231 milliwatts_______________________________________________

c. 53657 nanoseconds _______________________________________________

d. 5.32 milligrams ___________________________________________________

e. 88900 megahertz _________________________________________________

f. 0.00000083 centimeters____________________________________________

  5. Rewrite the following quantities in units with SI prefixes.

a. 36582472 g ______________________________________________________

b. 0.000000452 m ___________________________________________________

c. 53236 V ________________________________________________________

d. 4.62 ´ 10^-3 s _____________________________________________________

  6. Express the measurement 4.29478416 kg with 8, 6, 4, and 2 significant figures.

_____________________________      _______________________________

_____________________________      _______________________________

Convert the following measurements to the units specified.

a. 2.5 days to seconds________________________________________________

b. 35 km to millimeters_______________________________________________

c. 43 cm to kilometers________________________________________________

d. 22 mg to kilograms________________________________________________

e. 671 kg to micrograms______________________________________________

f. 8.76 ´ 10⁷ mW to gigawatts_________________________________________

g.         1.753 ´ 10^-13 s to picoseconds         

The table below contains measurements of the temperature and volume of an
air balloon as it heats up.             In the grid at right, sketch a graph that best describes these data.

Temperature (°C)	Volume (m3)
2	0.0502
27	0.0553
52	0.0598
77	0.0646
102	0.0704
127	0.0748
152	0.0796

Performance Expectation PS2.1

Acceleration

A car is traveling down a straight road. The driver then applies the brake, and the car decelerates with a constant acceleration until it stops. Refer to the equations below to answer the questions.

                             

  1. What is the car’s final speed v_f? Explain your answer.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

  2. You are given the distance the car travels and the length of time it takes for the car to come to a complete stop after the driver applies the brakes. What is the expression for the car’s initial speed?

Fa Performance Expectation PS2.3

Falling Objects

A juggler throws a ball straight up into the air. The ball remains in the air for a time Dt before it lands back in the juggler’s hand.

  1. Answer the following questions in terms of Dt and g.

a. What is the acceleration of the ball during the entire time the ball is in the air?

Use your book and the not book to study the following topics

• Problem solving strategy

• Define the following

Physics, branches of physics, mechanics, stastical mechanics,theoretical physics, SI UNITS

• SCIENTIFIC NOTATIONS

• SI UNITS

• METRIC UNITS

• KINEMATICS

• DYNAMICS

• DESCRIBING MOTIONS

• AVERAGE SPPED AND AVERAGE VELOCITY

• ACCELERTION AND THE PROBLEMS

• TEMPERATURE CONVERSION

• HOW TO MAKE A PIE CHART?

• LINE GRAPH

• DEFINE AND SOLVE THE PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE FOLLOWING

  SPEED

VELOCITY

VERAGE VELOCITY

DISPLACEMENT

VECTOR AND SCALR QUANTITIES

FREE FALL

              MEAN

STANDARD DEVIATION

VARIANCE

AVERAGES,RATIOS,PROPORTIONS

SIGNIFICANT  FIGURES

NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTIONS

FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD LAW OF MOTION

FREEFAL

WORK

ENERGY

TYPES OF ENERGY

KINETIc ENERGY

POTENTIAL ENERGY

• Practice exercises

STEMA FAIR

STEMA FAIR

MARCH 4-6, 2015

1	Team Building	Nov 26- Dec 5,2014
2	Proposals  (3 options)	Dec 8-11,2014
3	Group discussions	Jan 8- Jan 16
4	Last date to submit final proposal  or any change in groups	Jan 19
5	Preparing First Draft	Jan 15-19
6	Working on your display board, Report, Brochure and model	Jan 15-Feb 16
7	First Draft	Jan 29-30
8	Evidence	Jan 29-Feb 6
9	Poster	Feb 5-6
10	Second Draft	Feb 8-12
11	Brochure	Feb 16-17
12	Final Draft	Feb 16-20
13	Class Presentations + Model	Feb 23-Feb 27

Step 1: Select a topic

Step 2: Start the Research Project

Step 3: State Your Purpose and Hypothesis

Step 4: Perform the Experiment

Step 5: Write the Research Paper

Step 6: Design the Display Board

Step 7: Get Ready for the Judges 

Biology review

Strand LS1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

Strand LS3 Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits

Key Concept

Biologists study life in all its forms.

Vocabulary

biosphere	biology	metabolism
biodiversity	organism	DNA
species	cell

Use the phrases in the box above to fill in the chart below.

  1. In the box labeled The Biosphere, list examples of environments on Earth in which life is found.

  2. In the box labeled Species, list examples of species that can be found on Earth.

Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

  3. The _____________ even includes places such as your eyelashes, pools of hot, acidic water in Yellowstone National Park, and cold, windswept rocks in the Aleutian Islands.

  4. Members of a __________ should be able to reproduce together.

  5. In places where ____________ is high, there are more species.

Main idea: All organisms share certain characteristics.

  6. In the box below, circle the four items that are characteristic of all
living organisms. Cross out the items that are not characteristics of all
living organisms.

need energy	need sunlight	can reproduce
made up of one or more cells	produce seeds	can move
ability to feel pain	need to sleep	react to environment

Circle the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

  7. The most common organisms on Earth have one cell / more than one cell.

  8. Animals need energy / DNA in order to build up or break down materials.

  9. Cells reproduce by dividing / combining.

10. When organisms reproduce, they pass on their metabolism / genetic material.

Vocabulary Check

Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.

11. All organisms store their genetic material in

a. DNA.

b. cells.

c. species.

d. metabolism.

12. An organism is

a. a type of species.

b. an environment in the biosphere.

c. any individual living thing.

d. the basic unit of life.

13. The scientific study of all forms of life is called

a. geology.

b. chemistry.

c. physics.

d. biology.

Key Concept

Match each body part with its specialized function.

  5. brain cells                                  carry an organism

  6. enzymes                          process information

  7. feet                                  pumps blood throughout the body

  8. heart                                enable chemical processes

  9. teeth                                grind food

Main idea: Organisms must maintain homeostasis to survive in diverse environments.

10. Circle the conditions that are regulated by homeostasis.

temperature	outside environment	blood sugar
acidity	thoughts

Circle the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

11. Humans shiver in response to cold because of the body’s attempts to maintain an even temperature / acidity.

12. Homeostasis is important because behaviors / cells need certain conditions in order to function.

13. The body usually uses positive / negative feedback to maintain homeostasis.

14. The conditions outside the body are always the same / changing, but the conditions inside the body are generally very changeable / stable.

Main Idea: Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life.

Choose whether each statement is true or false.

15. true / false All living species evolve and change over time.

16. true / false Adaptation occurs when you get cold and put on a coat.

Vocabulary Check

Match the words with their meanings.

17. organized group of related parts that interact to form a whole		evolution
18. physical environment with different species that interact with each other and with nonliving things		adaptation
19. an inherited trait that gives an advantage to individual organisms and is passed on to future generations		homeostasis
20. the change in living things over time		ecosystem
21. the maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism		system

Chapter 2

Key Concept

All living things are based on atoms and their interactions.

Vocabulary

atom	ion	molecule
element	ionic bond
compound	covalent bond

Main Idea: Living things consist of atoms of different elements.

Draw lines to connect the parts of an atom with their descriptions.

  1. nucleus                                       particle with a positive electrical charge

  2. neutron                                       particle with a negative electrical charge

  3. proton                                         particle with no electrical charge

  4. electron                                      dense center of an atom

Circle the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

  5. Water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), are examples of
compounds / elements.

  6. Elements / Compounds are made up of only one type of atom.

Main Idea: Ions form when atoms gain or lose electrons.

Choose whether the statement is true or false.

  7. true / false An atom becomes an ion when its number of protons changes.

  8. true / false Some ions are positively charged, and some ions have no charge.

  9. true / false The formation of an ion results in a full outermost energy level.

10. true / false Ions usually form when electrons are transferred from one
atom to another.

Key Concept

Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.

Vocabulary

cytoskeleton	Golgi apparatus	lysosome
nucleus	vesicle	centriole
endoplasmic reticulum	mitochondrion	cell wall
ribosome	vacuole	chloroplast

Main Idea: Cells have an internal structure.

  1. Which of the following is not a function of the cell membrane?

a. It supports and shapes the cell.

b. It assists in cell division.

c. It positions organelles.

d. It provides energy to the cell.

MAIN IDEA: Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.

Draw a line to connect each organelle with its function.                                           

2. nucleus	a. link amino acids together to form proteins
3. endoplasmic reticulum	b. carry certain molecules from place to place in a cell
4. ribosomes	c. processes, sorts, and delivers proteins
5. Golgi apparatus	d. stores most of the genetic information of a cell
6. vesicles	e. helps in the production of proteins and lipids

MAIN IDEA: Other organelles have various functions.

Draw a line to connect each organelle with its function.                                           

7. mitochondrion	a. stores materials needed by the cell; may help provide support to plant cells
8. vacuole	b. contains enzymes that break down damaged and worn-out cell parts; defends a cell from invaders
9. lysosome	c. supplies energy to the cell by converting molecules from food into usable energy
10. centriole	d. organizes microtubules to form cilia and flagella for cell motion or the movement of fluids past a cell

MAIN IDEA: Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.

Circle the word or phrase that best completes the statement.

11. The cell walls in a plant are strong and rigid / flexible and adhere to each other, which helps to support the entire plant.

12. A cell wall and a cell membrane are different. All cells are surrounded by a cell wall / cell membrane that is rigid / flexible and interacts with the environment. Only certain cells have a cell wall / cell membrane, which is rigid / flexible and provides shape and support to cells.

13. Chloroplasts enable plants to convert soil nutrients / solar energy into energy-rich molecules that cells can use.

Vocabulary Check

14. The endoplasmic reticulum is a maze of folded membranes where _______ and _______ are produced.

15. The mitochondrion converts food into ________ that is usable by a cell.

Main Idea: Atoms share pairs of electrons in covalent bonds.

Circle the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

11. Shared pairs of electrons fill the innermost / outermost energy levels of
bonded atoms.

12. Covalent bonds are generally very strong / weak.

13. Two atoms may form several covalent bonds to share several pairs of
protons / electrons.

14. A molecule is held together by ionic / covalent bonds.

Vocabulary Check

element	compound	ion	molecule
ionic bond	covalent bond	atom

Write each word or phrase next to its definition.

____________________ 15.       a substance made of atoms of different elements                     bonded together in a certain ratio

____________________ 16.       a particular type of atom

____________________ 17.       a bond formed by the electrical force between two                 ions of opposite charge

____________________ 18.       a bond formed when two atoms share a pair
                                            of electrons

____________________ 19.       the smallest basic unit of matter

____________________ 20.       two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Main Idea: Multicellular organisms depend on interactions among different cell types.

Complete the diagram below, which represents organization in
multicellular organisms.

  4. There are several types of tissues found in plants. Two examples are __________________________ tissue and ______________________ tissue.

  5. Two examples of organ systems found in plants are the __________________ system and the ____________________ system.

Vocabulary

chromosome	centromere	anaphase
histone	telomere	telophase
chromatin	prophase
chromatid	metaphase

Main Idea: Chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis.

  1. A chromosome is one long, continuous thread of _________ that has many genes and regulatory information.

  2. Chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis so that they can be more
easily ________________ between the two nuclei.

  3. Chromosomes are not condensed during all stages of the cell cycle, because proteins need to be able to access _______________ during other stages of the cell cycle.

  4. Make a sketch of how DNA goes from a long stringy form to a tightly condensed form. On the final stage (the condensed, duplicated chromosome), label the chromatid, telomere, and centromere.

Key Concept

Gametes have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have.

Vocabulary

somatic cell	autosome	fertilization
gamete	sex chromosome	diploid
homologous chromosome	sexual reproduction	haploid
		meiosis

Main Idea: You have body cells and gametes.

Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

            1.         The two major groups of cell types in the human body are called ______________ and ______________.

            2.         The gametes are located in the _____________ organs.

            3.         The number of chromosomes in a typical human body cell is _______.

MAIN IDEA: Your cells have autosomes and sex chromosomes.

Fill in the Concept Map below to summarize what you know about chromosomes.